ICTs for innovative sensing
and networking toward
sustainable society
Hiroshi Kumagai, Tetsuya Miyazaki, Tatsuya Yamazaki,
and Motoaki Yasui
NICT (National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology )
ICT Climate Change Symposium, Kyoto
15-16 APR 2008
1
Contents
Several activities in ICTs to tackle global warming issue
1. Novel remote sensing techniques as the monitoring
tools;
1-1 CO2 laser sensing techniques
1-2 Global monitoring of cloud and aerosol with millimeter
radar
2. R&Ds for energy efficient ICTs
2-1 Photonics approach toward highly efficient broadband NW
2-2Ubiquitous sensor network approach: Smart proactive
HEMS and BEMS
3. Combining monitoring and controlling helps optimize the
measures
2
Optimization of Energy Management by ICTs
Monitoring Visualization of
Atmospheric
Environment
Visualization of
Energy Current
Optimized
Measures!
Visualization of
Control GHG flux Feed
Back
Optimum Management Ultrafast, Low power consumption
of Energy Consumption
Proactive
HEMS&BEMS Photonic Network 3
I. Monitoring technologies: Remote sensing
NICT conducts remote sensing R&D:
I-1. Laser sensing of CO2
I-2. Global monitoring of cloud with millimeter radar
Greenhouse Gases:
CO2 and other GHG absorb
outgoing long waves; resulting
In warming
Cloud and Aerosol: direct
and indirect (cloud‐ albedo)
effect of aerosol cause cooling
with biggest uncertainty
4
Radiative forcing Elements
CO2 is the largest positive
Element with small uncertainty
Cloud albedo is the largest
Negative element with biggest
Uncertainty;
Monitoring of these two
elements Is available by remote
sensing developed by NICT
IPCC AR4 5
NICT developed a CO2 laser sensor
DIAL (Differential absorption
Lidar) technique applied;
High power 2 μm wavelength
laser is used with coherent
detection;
Test measurement system
performs good coincidence with an
in-situ sensor Image of local CO2 measurement
Differential absorption lidar
operates at two wavelength,
one with large absorption
and the other with small
absorption with a gas,
enabling us to estimate gas
SPECTRUM RANGE
content
6
Principle of DIAL measurement
Characteristics and test measurement of
NICT CO2 DIAL
Tm,Ho:YLF Special feature of
laser with 12 LD NICT 2 μm coherent
packages; DIAL
Rod cooling
down to –80C LD Eye-safe laser can be
controlled to 20C used horizontal and
700
downward emission
LIDAR DATA
600 地 上 計 測 装 置 （ 10 分 平 均 ）
Spatial resolved capability
CO2 concentration (ppm)
500
400 Both daytime and
300 nighttime usable
200
100
Wind speed is measured
0 as well;
2007/12/4 18:00
2007/12/4 21:00
2007/12/5 12:00
2007/12/5 15:00
2007/12/5 18:00
2007/12/5 21:00
2007/12/5 0:00
2007/12/5 3:00
2007/12/5 6:00
2007/12/5 9:00
2007/12/6 0:00
Solid state conductive
Time (JST)
cooling laser is used (good
Diurnal variation of CO2 content visible
for mobile and satellite 7
application);
Plan for development of mobile system and
field measurements
Present 2008-2010 2011-
Field measurement
Emission
Mobile system source
sink
Lidar
Satellite validation Global emission distribution
Laboratory system
Airborne system 8
Satellite system
Cloud, Rain and Aerosol play significant role
in the climate change
Rain rate (Kubota 2007)
Air pollution (NASA 08)
Hurricane Katrina 3D rain map 9
taken by TRMM PR(2005 Aug ) Rain production ratio over cloud occurrence (NASA 08)
EarthCARE Mission http://www.esa.int/esaLP/ASESMYNW9SC_LPearthcare_0.html
EarthCARE (Cloud,
Aerosol and Radiation Cloud Profiling Radar
94 GHz with Doppler
Explorer) Mission
Tropical Cumulonimbus capability
To study interactions Sensitivity -35 dBZ
seen from space shuttle
between cloud, radiative
cooling Sun light Vertical resolution 500m
and aerosol processes that
play a role in climate (short wave) Doppler accuracy 1m/s
regulation;
NICT and JAXA develop
Warming
Payload sensors Cloud height information
Cloud profiling radar Cooling is an important parameter
Atmospheric lidar
for radiation budget,
Multi spectral imager
warming which is only obtained
Wideband radiomete 10
Launch date 2013 from Cloud radar;
Surface: Infra-red(long wave)
2. R&Ds for energy efficient ICTs
2-1 Photonics approach: for highly efficient broadband NW
Growing Demands of Internet Traffic in Japan
Annual growth rate of internet traffic in Japan has been ~ 50 %
（It was estimated by summation of traffic among major three IXs in Japan.）
Total traffic amount will reach 1 Tbit/s (1000 Gbit/s) within the year 2008;
1 Peta bit/s will be realistic in 2030th.
Can current technologies sustain Peta bit/s networks?
3 Three Major IXs Traffic in Japan
Russian, Europe 10
Traffic ガ ビ ッ ト毎秒
情報流通量 ギ [Gbit/s]
2
10
China, Korea, US
India 1
10
1 Tb/s within this year 2008.
0 50 % annual growth rate.
10
2000/12 2005/12 2010/12
Current Backbone Optical Network 11
http://www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2006/060310_8.html
http://www.soumu.go.jp/joho_tsusin/policyreports/chousa/jise_ip/
Why Optical Packet Switching ?
Current Optical Network
Current Optical Network Future Optical Network
Future Optical Network
•Opaque electrical network
•Many Opt. Elec. conversion •Transparent throughout network
•Less Opt. Elec. Conversion
Optical signalElectrical Optical signal
Optical Signal
Fiber
O/E conv. Node
E/O conv.
•Ultrafast optical
•Electrical processing MW @ 100Tb/s
•Small footprint
Optical Packet Switch
Electrical XC
for Peta bit/s network
Electrical router
12
A solution to high speed node with low
power consumption
Performance : bit/J
Electronic Processing
Speed Limitation
10Gbit/J Next OPS node
(640G-IF)
320G-IF Prospect of OPS
160G-IF
1Gbit/J
Electronic Routers 80G-IF
OPS Prototype
EPS Router #2
2x2 (DWDM)
16x16 (40G-IF, 1.28Tbps)
100Mbit/J
EPS Router #1
32x32 (10G-IF, 640Gbps) ( without optical buffering )
10Mbit/J
Throughput
/port
10Gbps 100Gbps 1Tbps
EPS: Electronic Packet Switch
OPS: Optical Packet Switch
13
OPS Prototype Development by NICT
1.28T 1.28T
(10G x 128λ)
640G
Throughput / port (bit/s)
320G 160G
160G 160G
(10G x 16λ)
80G 40G
80G
40G
WDM packet (10G x 8λ)
20G
TDM packet
10G
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
( without optical buffering )
14
2-2Ubiquitous sensor network approach:
Proposed Proactive HEMS and BEMS
Conventional HEMS and BEMS Proactive HEMS and BEMS
To optimize operation and control of Status and power consumption data are
home appliances or office equipments collected from all electric instruments and
with techniques as real time monitoring network‐based coordinated control is
and data visualization; applied to them; maximum energy saving
with maximum comfort achieved;
Ubiquitous
network
technique
Power sensing and
controllng module
＋
Communicartion
module IZigBee, or
PLC)
HEMS: Home Energy Management System 15
出典：四国電力（株）
OpenPLANETのＨＰより BEMS: Building and Energy Management System
Ubiquitous Sensor Network in Home
Sensing modules attached to all electric instruments form a home
ubiquitous sensor network. The modules also control the power
consumption of the electric instruments.
Sensor networking module
Surplus electricity will
be stored in the
battery.
Electric vehicle
Home Server
(1) Sensing data analysis
(2) Controlling power
consumption Battery
16
Summary and conclusion
A novel ICT approach proposed to combine sensing and controlling
to find optimized measures for climate change;
Monitoring with ICT:
A new laser remote sensor to measure CO2 distribution is
established, which enables us to estimate CO2 flux in both global
and local scales.
Satelliteborne cloud profiling radar to monitor global 3D cloud
field for joint Europe and Japan program of EarthCARE is under
development, for better understanding of cloud aerosol process,
thereby improving global warming prediction;
Improve efficiency in network and energy systems:
Optical packet switching has been developed for future target of
terabit/s speed with reasonable power consumption.
Ubiquitous sensor network technique is proposed to realize
smarter proactive HEMS and BEMS;
17